Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) General Chemistry Practice Exam

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• According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, what happens to the entropy of the universe during any reaction?
• According to general oxidation number guidelines, what is the oxidation number of alkali metals?
• What does the entropy change for a forward reaction equal in relation to the reverse reaction?
• In a size comparison, how does a cation compare to its neutral counterpart?
• In a galvanic cell, where does oxidation occur?
• What is the oxidation number of an atom in its elemental state?
• When is a substance considered amphoteric?
• What are spectator ions?
• What is the effect on electronegativity as you move from top to bottom in a group?
• According to SI units, what is the unit for time?
• What is the SI unit for electric current?
• What oxidation state does fluorine always exhibit?
• What is the behavior of internal energy change (ΔE) and mass change (ΔM) in a closed system?
• Which term describes an acid that donates a proton?
• What is the purpose of the Nernst equation in electrochemical cells?
• What is plotted on the graph for a zero order reaction?
• How is the appropriate indicator for an acid/base titration chosen?
• Which of the following is a commonly occurring diatomic molecule?
• What is one of the factors that can stress a system at equilibrium?
• Which step is the first when balancing redox reactions?
• What occurs when the rate of molecules transitioning from liquid to gas is equal to the rate of molecules transitioning from gas to liquid?
• What effect does a nonvolatile solute have on the boiling point of a solution?
• What does the Third Law of Thermodynamics state about entropy?
• How is water characterized in terms of its reducing and oxidizing abilities?
• What happens to the energy of an electron as it moves to a higher shell?
• What does the equation w = PΔV represent?
• In the context of boiling point elevation, what does the "i" in the equation represent?
• Which of the following statements is true regarding the characteristics of an ideal gas?
• What is an amphoteric substance?
• What trend is observed in atomic radius as one moves from top to bottom in the periodic table?
• What does a Bronsted-Lowry acid do?
• For a third order reaction, which plot represents its kinetics?
• What oxidation number does oxygen typically have?
• What is the formula for average kinetic energy (KE) of a molecule in a fluid?
• What happens to the acidity of nonmetal hydrides as you move down the periodic table?
• What does heat capacity (C) measure in thermodynamics?
• What is the formula used in relation to heat capacity?
• What term is used to describe the spread of gas molecules into occupied space?
• What does it indicate when the reaction quotient Q equals the equilibrium constant K?
• When a volatile solute is added to a solution, how does it affect the overall pressure of the vapor?
• In what context does radiation transfer heat?
• What does ∆G° equal when an electrochemical cell is at equilibrium?
• What does the reaction quotient (Q) measure?
• Which mnemonic phrase helps in remembering redox reactions?
• How does a nonvolatile solute affect the freezing point of a solution?
• Which process occurs at the cathode in an electrochemical cell?
• If Q is less than K, what will happen to the system based on equilibrium principles?
• What is true about the entropy in solvation reactions with increases in temperature?
• What is the symbol used to represent enthalpy?
• What happens when the enthalpy change of a solution is negative in the context of vapor pressure?
• What effect does a volatile solute have in a non-ideal solution?
• When does work equal zero in a thermodynamic process?
• Which type of potential is indicated by cell potential in a galvanic cell?
• At standard temperature and pressure (STP), how much volume does 1 mole of gas occupy?
• When does a substance reach its boiling point?
• In an isolated system, what is true about changes in internal energy and mass?
• What does the prefix 'Centi' represent?
• What occurs to an atom when it absorbs sufficient energy?
• Which of the following properties change with the amount of substance present?
• Which of the following is classified as a strong acid?
• How is temperature defined in a molecular context?
• What effect does adding a nonvolatile solute have on the vapor pressure of a solution?
• Which symbol is used to denote the atomic number of an element?
• What does the coffee cup calorimeter specifically measure?
• In terms of spontaneity of reactions, when K is greater than 1, what can be inferred about the reaction?
• What is the primary function of a galvanic (voltaic) cell?
• Which of the following prefixes denotes one million (10⁶)?
• For a second order reaction, what is the correct plot?
• What is the definition of chemical equilibrium?
• How does temperature typically affect the solubility of salts?
• What defines a galvanic cell?
• According to Raoult's Law, how is the vapor pressure of a solution calculated when adding a volatile solute in an ideal solution?
• For a weak acid and strong base titration, what does the half equivalence point indicate?
• Which term describes a reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings?
• In a phase diagram, what do the lines represent?
• What mnemonic helps to remember where reduction and oxidation occur in a cell?
• What is the SI unit for luminous intensity?
• What is the process called when dissolved ions reform an undissolved solid?
• What is the first step in the formation of a solution regarding intermolecular bonds?
• What happens to the free energy (∆G) if both ∆H is negative and ∆S is positive?
• What happens to work done if the volume remains constant?
• Which statement is true for a spontaneous reaction in terms of ∆G?
• What is defined at the critical point in a substance?
• What does the emissivity constant determine in terms of thermal absorption?
• In a redox reaction, the atom that loses electrons is said to be:
• For the MCAT, which van't Hoff factor value should be used for NaCl?
• What is the equation for calculating the partial pressure of a gas?
• How does ∆G° behave when K is greater than 1?
• What does 'q' represent in thermodynamics?
• Which of the following best describes the physical properties of metals?
• What is indicated by a positive cell potential?
• What is the required condition for a reaction with a positive change in enthalpy to be spontaneous?
• What defines work in the context of energy transfer?
• Which of the following statements is true regarding ionic oxides?
• What is the term for the concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution?
• According to the Pauli exclusion principle, what can be said about electrons in the same atom?
• What is the standard reduction potential for hydrogen?
• What is the primary method for accomplishing a phase change in a substance?
• What type of catalyst is in the same phase as the reactants?
• According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy change is equal to which of the following?
• What does the equation ∆S(system) + ∆S(surroundings) = ∆S(universe) ≥ 0 imply?
• In thermodynamics, what is an extensive property?
• Which statement about vapor pressure is accurate regarding temperature and kinetic energy?
• In a phase change diagram, what does the slope of the line signify?
• In terms of gas mixtures, what does the mole fraction represent?
• In a spontaneous reaction, which combination of ∆H and ∆S is possible at higher temperatures?
• Which of the following is a state function?
• What defines a solution?
• What oxidation number do halogens generally have?
• What happens when an ion present in the equilibrium expression is added to a saturated solution?
• In chemical reactions, what is a key characteristic?
• According to the melting process, when does a solid transition to a liquid?
• What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide?
• At what condition is a solution considered saturated?
• What does the term "pressure" refer to in a physical chemistry context?
• What characteristic of oxidation number guidelines is crucial to remember?
• What defines an ideal solution in terms of Raoult's Law?
• In a solution, what is a solvent?
• What is the sign of ∆H when breaking intermolecular bonds between solute molecules?
• What occurs when ionic compounds dissolve in a polar solvent?
• In a titration curve of a strong acid and strong base, what does the equivalence point represent?
• Which of the following statements about extensive and intensive properties is accurate?
• Which term describes an acid that can donate more than one proton?
• What happens when a nonreactive gas is added to an equilibrium system?
• What does the magnetic quantum number indicate?
• What symbol is used to represent the principal quantum number?
• Which of the following describes a physical reaction?
• Which of the following is considered a basic hydride?
• What does a negative change in enthalpy (−∆H) indicate about a reaction?
• Which scenario results in a nonspontaneous reaction, regardless of the temperature?
• What is a common outcome for elements in the same group of the periodic table?
• In general, how does the solubility of gases behave with temperature changes?
• What is the slope of the graph for a first order reaction?
• Which of the following does not have an effect on the solubility of a solute in a solution?
• Which step involves breaking intermolecular bonds among solvent molecules during the solution formation process?
• What dictates the direction of a reaction in a phase change?
• What is the significance of the average kinetic energy formula in relation to temperature?
• What happens to the entropy (∆S) during the formation of a solution?
• What does the Aufbau principle state about the addition of protons and electrons to form new elements?
• Which prefix is equivalent to 10⁻¹²?
• What characterizes a chemical reaction as opposed to a physical change?
• What defines a base dissociation constant (Kb)?
• Which of the following represents molality?
• According to Le Chatelier's Principle, what will happen when a system at equilibrium is subjected to stress?
• Which of the following constitutes a neutral hydride?
• What is the oxidation number assigned to fluorine?
• What is the pH equation?
• What phrase best describes diffusion in gases?
• What solely affects the solubility product constant, Ksp?
• In the context of equilibrium, what is the effect of changing the volume of a gaseous reaction mixture?
• What type of calorimeter is known for measuring heat at atmospheric pressure?
• What is the significance of Ksp in a solubility context?
• Which of the following is NOT a colligative property?
• What is primarily responsible for dictating the direction of a chemical reaction?
• How does electronegativity change within a period from left to right?
• What relationship does cell potential have with the spontaneity of a reaction?
• What is the relationship between ∆G and ∆G° in electrochemical cells?
• What characterizes a dynamic equilibrium in a saturated solution?
• In Le Chatelier's Principle, what effect does removing a reactant have on the system?
• How does a catalyst affect activation energy?
• What formula describes the relationship involving specific heat capacity?
• According to Hess's Law, what principle applies to enthalpy changes?
• What does bond dissociation energy refer to?
• What is the symbol for entropy in thermodynamics?
• In an electrolytic cell, how are the cathode and anode labeled compared to a galvanic cell?
• According to the Arrhenius definition, what is the characteristic of an acid?
• What is the triple point on a phase diagram?
• What does the term 'enthalpy' refer to in thermodynamics?
• What does the slope equal in the graph of a zero order reaction?
• What conclusion can be drawn if a solution gives off heat when formed?
• What does an oxidation state indicate about an atom in a molecule?
• In a galvanic cell, what role does the cathode play?
• Which family of elements typically has an oxidation number of -3?
• What does it mean when a reaction has a positive change in enthalpy (+∆H)?
• When determining the total electric potential of a half reaction, what is NOT required?
• What do colligative properties depend on?
• What characterizes a state function?
• Which statement about Ksp is true?
• What does a bomb calorimeter primarily measure?
• What is the autoionization constant of water (Kw) at 25°C?
• What is a key criterion for making an effective buffer solution?
• What does internal energy (U) encompass?
• Which of the following statements about electrochemical cells is true?
• What is osmotic pressure a measure of?
• What is the decimal representation of the Kilo prefix?
• What characterizes a Lewis base?
• What symbol represents internal energy?
• In a non-ideal solution, what does a positive deviation from Raoult's Law indicate?
• What temperature and pressure define standard temperature and pressure (STP)?
• Which feature is not typically associated with nonmetals?
• What happens when K is less than 1 in terms of ∆G°?
• How can isotopes of hydrogen be represented?
• Which of the following correctly identifies a characteristic of oxidation states?
• In the equation K = [C]^c [D]^d / [A]^a [B]^b, what do the lowercase letters represent?
• Which type of electrolyte conducts electricity very well in solution?
• Which process is exothermic during solution formation?
• What is the relationship between entropy and reversibility in ideal reactions?
• What does the symbol ∆G represent in thermodynamics?
• What is the outcome when an electron falls to a lower energy shell?
• Which of the following describes the trend in metallic character in the periodic table?
• What does the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics indicate?
• What is the value represented by the prefix "femto-" in scientific terms?
• Which of the following is true regarding the electronic configuration of atoms according to the Pauli exclusion principle?
• What is the value of ∆G° when the equilibrium constant K is equal to 1?
• What determines the oxidizing agent in a redox reaction?
• What is the primary role of a reducing agent in a redox reaction?
• What does solubility refer to in a solution?
• What happens to stronger acids concerning their conjugate bases?
• What is the definition of entropy as a thermodynamic property?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of strong bases?
• What does the electric potential in a redox reaction depend on?
• What distinguishes conduction from convection as a form of heat transfer?
• How does temperature affect vapor pressure?
• What assumption is made regarding the heat capacity on the MCAT?
• Which aspect does the van't Hoff factor consider for ionically dissociating compounds?
• What is a titration?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ideal gas?
• In what scenario is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation not applicable?
• What defines an oxidizing agent in a reaction?
• Which equation represents the Ideal Gas Law?
• According to Graham's law of effusion, what factors influence the rate of effusion?
• What defines Avogadro's number?
• Which statement is correct regarding an electrolytic cell?
• What is the formula for calculating the average kinetic energy of a gas?
• The azimuthal quantum number designates which of the following?
• What does the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle state?
• What is the characteristic of metals in terms of electron behavior?
• Which statement correctly defines a conjugate base?
• How does the size of an anion compare to its neutral counterpart?
• In the SI unit system, the unit for the amount of substance is?
• When calculating the heat of reaction using standard enthalpies of formation, what is the formula used?
• Which of the following increases solubility according to exceptions of Le Chatelier's Principle?
• What defines the relationship between heat (q), mass (m), specific heat capacity (c), and temperature change (ΔT)?
• What is the meaning of the prefix 'Deci'?
• In thermodynamic terms, what does it mean for a property to be a state function?
• At lower temperatures, which combination of ∆H and ∆S indicates a spontaneous reaction?
• What is indicated by a negative deviation from Raoult's Law concerning vapor pressure?
• Which equation is used to study reactions at equilibrium?
• According to Henry's Law, which factor affects the solubility of a gas?
• Which prefix represents one-thousandth (10⁻³)?
• What defines a Bronsted-Lowry base?
• How is pKw related to pH and pOH?
• Which of the following can lead to a decrease in the Gibbs free energy of a system?
• What does the equilibrium constant (K) depend on?
• What is the SI unit for temperature?
• What could cause a shift in the solubility equilibrium?
• When bonded to a metal, what is the oxidation number of hydrogen?
• How is the term 'redox' defined in the context of electrochemical cells?
• In a redox reaction, what occurs to the atom that gains electrons?
• What purpose does the salt bridge serve in a galvanic cell?
• What is the primary function of a calorimeter?
• Which factor influences the solubility of salts?
• What does the standard enthalpy of formation (∆H°) signify?
• During a titration, what does it mean when a graph displays a quasi-horizontal line?
• What does the symbol ∆G represent in relation to cell potential?
• What does "mass percent" represent in a solution?
• When Q is greater than K, what direction does the reaction shift?
• What type of process is vaporization in terms of enthalpy?
• Which hydride is known to be basic?